Conflict of Interest

Conflict of Interest Policy

To ensure impartiality, JIE takes proactive steps to minimize conflicts of interest in manuscript handling. The following relationships between editors and authors are considered conflicts and are avoided:

• Current or recent colleagues

• Recent co-authors

• Doctoral students supervised by an editor

If no editor is entirely free from conflict, the manuscript is assigned to the editor with the least involvement. Referees are also screened for potential conflicts, and they are required to disclose any possible biases before proceeding with their reviews.